How were the Kremlin stars made and set

2016/09/12

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In August 1935, the Council adopted the decision of Council of People's Commissars and the Central Committee of the AUCP (b) to replace the old symbols with new ones.

Before this historic moment, the spires of the Kremlin towers were decorated with heraldic double-headed eagles. First double-headed eagle hoisted on top of the tent of the Spasskaya Tower in the 50s of the XVII century. Later Russian emblems were installed at the highest Kremlin towers - Nikolskaya, Troickaya, Borovitskaya. In October 1935 instead of the king's two-headed eagles were placed five-pointed stars.


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It was offered to replace armorial eagles with the flags, as on the other tower and with the emblems of the hammer and sickle and with the coats of arms of the Soviet Union but they chose stars.

They tried to change the symbol of the Russian Empire with the symbol of the new Soviet authorities several times. Even during the Civil War Chairperson of People's Commissars V.I Lenin offered this. However, in conditions of a total economic collapse the wish of the leader of the revolution was not carried out.

Why did a live-pointed star became a symbol of Soviet Union is not known, but it is known that this project was lobbied by Leon Trotsky. Seriously addicted to spirituality, he knew that the star – is a pentagram that has a very powerful energy potential and is one of the most powerful symbols.

Even swastika, which cult was very strong in Russia at the beginning of the XX century could become the symbol of the new state. The swastika was depicted on the "Kerensky notes", swastika was painted on the wall of the Ipatiev house of the Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna before shooting. But almost by a unanimous decision, Bolsheviks decided to use a five-pointed star. The history of the XX century will show that the "star" is stronger than "swastika" ... The stars started shining over the Kremlin and replaced the double-headed eagles.

Parade in 1935. Eagles look on Maxim Gorky flight and spoils the holiday;)))

Only in August 23, 1935, there was adopted a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars and the Central Committee of the AUCP (b) to replace the old symbols with new ones. Immediately after this TASS message was released – it informed the Soviet people:  replace 4 Eagle, located on the towers of the Kremlin wall, and 2 eagles on the building of the Historical Museum with five-pointed stars with a hammer and sickle until 7, November, 1935. "

Design and production of the new Kremlin symbols were entrusted to the Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute of professor N.E Zhukovsky in Moscow with the participation of two defense plants. Sketches were claimed by I.V Stalin.

Sketches were prepared by E.E Lansere. In the first sketch Stalin wrote: Good, but it would be great to do it without the circle in the center, while the "without" was underlined twice. Lansere quickly fixed it and gave a new sketch for approval. Stalin once again made a remark: Good, but it would be great to do it without fastening stick, and the word "without" was again underlined twice. After this development of the sketch of stars passed to F.F.Fedorovskiy.

When sketches were created, models of stars in full size were also produced. Hammer and sickle emblems were temporarily encrusted with imitations of precious stones. Each star-model was shined with twelve projectors. That is how it supposed to be with the real stars on the Kremlin towers at night and on cloudy days. When the projectors were turned on, stars sparkled and flashed a myriad of colored lights.

Leaders of the Party and the Soviet government inspected the finished models. They agreed on the production of stars with an indispensable condition - to make them rotate, so then Muscovites and visitors may enjoy them from everywhere.

Hundreds of people of different specialties participated in the creation of the Kremlin stars. For Spasskaya and Troickaya Towers stars were produced in the workshops of CAHI led by the chief engineer of the Institute A.A. Archangelskiy, and for Nicholas and Borovitskaya - at the Moscow plants under the leadership of chief designer.

The first Kremlin stars were made of red copper and stainless steel. Special electroplating plants were built for their gilding. In the center of each star was paved with the Soviet symbol - the hammer and sickle, covered with gold and made of Ural semi-precious stones (amethyst, topaz, alexandrite, rock crystal, Aquamarine). It took about 7000 stones in size from 20 to 200 karats (one karat equals to 0,2gr).

From the report of Pauper - the employee pf Operation Division of the NKVD: "Every stone is faceted with diamond Galley (73 facets) and in order to avoid loss it was embedded into separate caste with silver screw and nut. The total weight of all stars - 5600kg. "

The design was unique for each star. So Star on Spasskaya tower was decorated with rays from the center to the tops, star on Troickaya tower with spica. On Borovitskaya tower Star pattern repeated its contour. Star on Nikolskaya tower was without any decoration.

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