The painting "Barge Haulers on the Volga", that made Ilya Repin famous, since its introduction caused mixed reviews. Someone admired the skill of the artist, someone accused him in deviating from the truth of life. Why does the famous painting provoke a scandal at the state level, and how Repin actually sinned against reality?
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These are images of poor ragamuffins, earning a living by overwork, known by everyone from school textbooks. Barge haulers in the XVI-XIX centuries were wage workers, who with the help of string pulled riverboats upstream. Barge haulers united in cooperatives of 10-45 people, there were even women cooperatives. Despite the hard work, during the season (spring or fall) haulers could earn so much that they could live comfortably within half a year. Because of poverty and poor harvests peasants often became haulers, but mostly such work was done by bums and homeless.
Shubin argues that in the XIX century haulers work was like this: on a barge, there was installed a large drum with a rope wound on it. People sat in the boat, took a cable end with three anchors and sailed upstream. There they threw anchors into the water one by one. Haulers on the barge pulled the rope from bow to stern, winding it on a drum. Thus they "pulled up" barge upriver: they walked back and the deck beneath their feet moved forward. As they winded the rope, they again went to the bow of the ship and did the same thing. On the shore, they had to pull only when the ship was sinking stranded. That is reflected in the episode of Repin - an isolated case.
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